Infections & Illnesses

Gastrointestinal infection cases typically clear up in a few days but may persist for up to 14 days. It may start with abdominal cramps and discomfort followed by diarrhea.

Additional symptoms may include:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Fever
• Reduced appetite
• Muscle soreness
• Dehydration
• Headaches
• Presence of mucus or blood in stool

The most common causes of gastrointestinal infections include viruses like norovirus and rotavirus, bacteria such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli (E. coli), and parasites like Giardia and Cryptosporidium.

• Norovirus: It spreads through contaminated food or water and is especially likely to spread among people in confined spaces.
• Rotavirus: Rotavirus is the leading cause of gastrointestinal infections in children and mainly spreads through touch. 
• Salmonella: It spreads by eating raw or undercooked poultry, meat, and eggs. 
• E. coli: E. coli is found in the intestines of people and animals, and most of its varieties are harmless. It spreads through contaminated water or food that comes into contact with animal manure.
• Giardia: It spreads through human contact and contaminated water. 
• Cryptosporidium: Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of waterborne disease. It can be spread by ingesting contaminated water or food or contact with contaminated surfaces.

Treatment of gastrointestinal infections usually involves self-care measures, such as adequate hydration and rest. Antibiotics may be necessary, especially if the infection is severe or caused by bacteria or parasites. Prevention strategies include practicing good hygiene, proper food handling and preparation, and vaccination against specific pathogens like rotavirus.

Common symptoms of UTI include:

• Frequent and urgent urge to urinate
• Pain or burning sensation during urination
• Bloody urine
• Changes in urine color or odor
• Pain in the lower abdomen or pelvic region
• Pain or pressure in the back or side

UTIs are typically caused by bacterial invasion of the urinary tract, which begins in the urethra and spreads to the bladder. Escherichia coli (E. coli), a bacterium typically found in the digestive system, is a common cause of UTIs. Other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Enterococcus faecalis, can also cause it. UTIs occur mainly in women.

While testing for UTI, we will ask about your medical history, sexual life, and family history. Treatment for UTIs typically involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection. We may also address discomfort and pain through symptom management and guide you on lifestyle adjustments to minimize the risk of recurring UTIs.

The symptoms of a skin infection depend on the type of infection, its cause, and other factors, such as a weakened immune system. Symptoms of skin infections include:

• Red, purple, or dark areas on the skin 
• Lesions 
• Itching
• Pain and tenderness
• Pus
• Blisters
• Skin sloughing, breakdown
• Necrosis or tissue death
• Discoloration

Pathogens may enter your skin through a cut or scratch. If you have a weakened immune system and your wound is not clean and dressed, it may increase the risk of skin infections.

Common causes of skin infections include:

• Bacterial infections: These are caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. Bacterial infections can manifest as boils, cellulitis, impetigo, or folliculitis, among other conditions.
• Fungal infections: Fungi, like dermatophytes, can cause fungal skin infections, including ringworm, athlete's foot, and jock itch.
• Viral infections: Viruses like herpes simplex virus (HSV), human papillomavirus (HPV), and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) can lead to skin infections, such as cold sores, warts, and shingles.
• Parasitic infections: Parasites such as mites or lice can infest the skin, leading to conditions like scabies or pediculosis.

Treatment depends on the cause of the infection and its severity. Over-the-counter antihistamines, topical creams, and ointments can help reduce symptoms and discomfort. Severe infection may increase the risk of complications, and we may prescribe medications based on the cause of the infection.